Witness Community Highlights Archive

This issue of Witness Community Highlights includes a series of video highlights featuring leaders from ARCUS institutional members. Our latest videos spotlight Dr. Kristin Schild, Assistant Professor at the University of Maine; Dr. Gerald "J.J." V. Frost, Senior Scientist at ABR Inc.; and Dr. Meghan Helmberger, Board Co-Chair of the U.S. Association of Polar Early Career Scientists. We also invite you to revisit two previously released features: Dr. Sue Natali of the Woodwell Climate Research Center and Dr. Ming Xiao, Board President of the U.S. Permafrost Association.

Arctic Indigenous Scholars Craig Chythlook and Taniesha Moses traveled to Washington, DC from March 4-8, 2024 to engage with decision-makers and policy-makers. This Witness Community Highlights piece showcases video interviews with the Scholars, offering insights into their experiences and discussions during the visit.

The Sea Ice for Walrus Outlook (SIWO) is a resource for Alaska Native subsistence hunters, coastal communities, and others interested in sea ice and walruses. The Outlooks are produced with information on weather and sea-ice conditions provided by Alaska Native sea-ice experts, NOAA’s National Weather Service-Alaska Region (NWS), and the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS).

SIWO Partners met in Nome, Alaska for a two-day workshop in July 2024. The goals of the meeting were to: (1) Create an opportunity for SIWO partners to meet in person, strengthen relationships, and create a shared vision for SIWO; and (2) Outline a SIWO synthesis paper & a community outreach product to share lessons from 15 years of SIWO.

In August 2023, the NSF-funded Permafrost and Infrastructure Symposium convened at the Barrow Arctic Research Center with over 30 visiting scientists and engineers, 15 North Slope residents, and three international participants. By planning a single event with participants from multiple science projects, Symposium organizers sought to enhance information sharing and synergies between projects while reducing the demands of outreach and engagement on local communities and research partners. NSF strategic objectives of the Symposium included rapid dissemination of results and promoting impact-driven and use-inspired research.

By: Jana Peirce, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); Benjamin Jones, UAF; Vladimir Romanovsky, UAF; and Billy Connor, UAF.

Based on the achievements and ongoing efforts outlined in the 2022–2024 IARPC Implementation Plan, IARPC is now soliciting input from all sectors on the next set of research challenges and new priorities for the years 2025–2026. The community is invited to share thoughts and perspectives, on the IARPC-hosted form through Friday, 31 May 2024.

By: Larry Hinzman, Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee, Executive Director

In this Witness Community Highlights video feature, Ming Xiao, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Penn State University, shares insights from his research to better understand changes in permafrost and the related impacts on civil infrastructure. He also highlights the value of collaboration with investigators across academic disciplines, industry sectors, and agencies at the local, state, and federal levels—to understand this complex system.

The US Permafrost Association (USPA) is launching the Family Care Program that will provide resources, events (such as an upcoming panel discussion on balancing childcare and work responsibilities in permafrost research), and funding. Funds are open to USPA members doing permafrost-related work at any career stage and can be used to alleviate the burdens of additional expenses for caregivers to conduct travel-related work activities such as fieldwork and attending conferences.

In this Witness Community Highlights video feature Sue Natali, Project Lead for Permafrost Pathways and Senior Scientist at Woodwell Climate Research Center, shares insights from the work she and her team do on local-to-global impacts of climate change with a focus on permafrost thaw in the Arctic and related community adaptation efforts. She also shares her personal experience communicating science to the public.

Winter thermal contraction cracking and subsequent spring meltwater infiltration produce the ice wedge polygons prevalent in Arctic terrestrial permafrost systems. Point measurements of physical characteristics and carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in low- and high-centered ice wedge polygon sites enable a better understanding of micro-topography ecosystem processes and of the environmental responses to degrading permafrost.

By Melissa Ward Jones, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks

The NSF supported research group at San Diego State University has used eddy covariance to track Arctic carbon and methane fluxes to gain knowledge of the multi-decadal patterns in these green house gas fluxes. This knowlege is critical to understanding the response to climate variability and long-term change in the carbon balance in the Arctic. Among their findings is that earlier snowmelt is associated with more tundra net carbon sequestration and higher plant productivity only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower plant productivity in August.

By: Donatella Zona, San Diego State University (SDSU) Kyle Lunneberg, SDSU and University of California Davis; and Walter C. Oechel, SDSU

In this new Witness Community Highlights video feature Evie Fachon, Anderson Lab, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, talks about her work researching Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the Arctic and their impact on the health of the ecosystem and local communities.

By: Evie Fachon, Anderson Lab, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

An interdisciplinary team of Earth scientists has dated the formation of the Bering Land Bridge to 36,000 years ago, within 10,000 years of the last ice age peak. This new date greatly shortens the window of time during which Asia and North America were connected, with implications for understanding ice sheet and sea-level history, past terrestrial migrations, and the causes of cyclic ice ages.

By: Jesse Farmer, University of Massachusetts Boston and Tamara Pico, University of California Santa Cruz

With widespread environmental changes, communities relying on sea ice for harvesting marine mammals in the winter and spring face unpredictable conditions, shortened harvesting seasons, decreased harvesting opportunities, and travel safety concerns impacting access to resources. The Alaska Arctic Observatory and Knowledge Hub (AAOKH) is a network of Iñupiaq observers in northern coastal communities working in partnership with UAF researchers to track Arctic environmental change and its impact on the subsistence calendar.

By: Roberta Tuurraq Glenn, Alaska Arctic Observatory and Knowledge Hub (AAOKH) Project Coordinator and Community Liaison and Donna Hauser, AAOKH Science Lead

Agricultural development in the North American North has historically contributed to the loss of Indigenous food sovereignty through ecosystem degradation, loss of traditional harvesting practices, and an increased reliance on food imports. The author and colleagues propose a uniquely northern framework for Arctic agroecology that applies ecological concepts to food systems management.

By: Mindy Jewell Price, PhD Candidate at the University of California at Berkeley

The NSF-supported Indigenous Foods Knowledges Network (IFKN) brings together Indigenous leaders and academics from the Arctic and sub-Arctic and the US Southwest to exchange knowledge about Indigenous food systems and the local efforts that sustain them. Community members share local strengths, solutions, and innovations to produce culturally relevant food locally in spite of various disruptions, shocks, and systemic challenges.

By: Noor Johnson, University of Colorado Boulder; Mary Beth Jager, University of Arizona; Stephanie Russo Carroll, University of Arizona; Eva Dawn Burk, Tlaa Deneldel Community Group, Orville H. Huntington, retired; Lydia L. Jennings, Arizona State University; Kaare Sikuaq Erickson, Ikaaġun Engagement; Max Taylor, Natwani Coalition; Dan Ferguson, University of Arizona

Luda Kinok shares reflections on the historical and ongoing impact of displacement, war, hunger, and disease on survival of the culture, language, and traditional subsistence economies of the Yupik in Chukotka.

By: Luda Kinok, Sighineghmiit Immigrant to Alaska

The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) announces that IARPC's Secretariat is now supported by UIC Science, a subsidiary of the Ukpeaġvik Iñupiat Corporation (UIC), the Alaska Native Corporation representing shareholders from the community of Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Their expertise encompasses Traditional Knowledge, technical and logistical support, project management and strategic planning, Indigenous community outreach, and science support while understanding the politics, culture, land use issues, regulations, and environmental conditions related to scientific research in Alaska.

By: Liz Weinberg, Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) Engagement Director

The Arctic Beaver Observation Network (A-BON) is a group of scientists, Indigenous groups, land managers, and local observers who are concerned about the expansion of beaver populations into Arctic landscapes. This collaboration, funded by NSF's Office of Polar Programs, began in 2020 and assembles a broad range of perspectives from circumarctic nations to coordinate research and observations related to beaver colonization of the Arctic and the impacts it is having on ecosystems and people.

By: Ken Tape, University of Alaska Fairbanks

The Sediment, Ice, and Learning on the Tanana (SILT) project is centered on developing and testing low-cost sensor networks that can be deployed in the Tanana River when it is ice covered to better capture full sediment fluxes to downstream ecosystems. Additional new learning about silt and ice is coming from working with K–12 students in Nenana and Fairbanks, Alaska, who help in sensor construction, testing methods, and envisioning new hypotheses.

By: Emily Eidam, Oregon State University; Christopher D. Arp, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF); Julianne Davis, University of North Carolina (UNC); Allen Bondurant, UAF; Sarah Clement, UAF; Lillian Marguerite Cooper, UNC; Ted Langhorst, UNC; Tamlin Muir Pavelsky, UNC; and Katie Spellman, UAF

While conducting ethnographic fieldwork with partnering communities in the Arctic, this team of social scientists recognized that their roles as participant observers were slightly different because of their identities. They came to understand that their identities could help in learning insider perspectives about the distribution of whale meat during Qagruq (Whale Festival) in Tikiġaq (Point Hope), Alaska.

By: Michael Koskey and Yoko Kugo, Center for Cross-Cultural Studies, Indigenous Studies Graduate Programs, University of Alaska Fairbanks

An interdisciplinary team combined field measurements, satellite observations, and numerical modeling to discover that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream was much more sensitive to the intrusion of warm water along the coast than what was previously thought. Their work helped identify how the ice slides on the bedrock. This new knowledge led to a revised assessment of the future mass loss of this sector, which is six times higher than previous estimates.

By: Mathieu Morlighem, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College and Shfaqat Abbas Khan, DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.

The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) and the United States Arctic Observing Network (US AON) Board released a report to Congress on 13 December 2022 describing the need for a sustained Arctic Observing Network. The report recommends that sustained and enhanced Arctic observations will contribute invaluable information to global models and forecasts, national security decisions, community resilience efforts, health and well-being, and economic prosperity.

By: Hazel Shapiro, Program Analyst at US Arctic Observing Network (US AON) and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC); Sandra Starkweather, Executive Director, US AON; Thorsten Markus, Cryospheric Science Program Manager, NASA; and Olivia Lee, former Program Director, Arctic Observing Network Office of Polar Programs

Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, ethnographic research in Chukotka has not been possible. A recent conference session was organized to focus on the direct relevance that the suffering and displacement of millions of people in Ukraine and in Chukotka has for Arctic social sciences. Although the war and Putin's regime will eventually come to an end, the future of the social science research in Russia has possibly reached a "turn of no return" due to the fact that hundreds of Indigenous hunters, reindeer herders, culture, language, and knowledge bearers will be gone.

By: Sveta Yamin-Pasternak, Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks and Igor Pasternak, Department of Art, University of Alaska Fairbanks

In early August 2022, a multidisciplinary, intergenerational, and cross-cultural group of more than 140 participants converged on Utqiaġvik, Alaska to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL) and to take part in an NSF funded workshop focused on Enhancing Arctic Science and Engineering. The workshop, grounded in a legacy of promoting sustainable Arctic science in Utqiaġvik, was guided by the important role of the Iñupiat in furthering scientific understanding of climatic and social-ecological change in the rapidly changing Arctic. The post-workshop report will help plan for the coordination of future Arctic research efforts and identify logistical and facility needs.

By: Kyle Joly, Wildlife Biologist, National Park Service

In early August 2022, a multidisciplinary, intergenerational, and cross-cultural group of more than 140 participants converged on Utqiaġvik, Alaska to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL) and to take part in an NSF funded workshop focused on Enhancing Arctic Science and Engineering. The workshop, grounded in a legacy of promoting sustainable Arctic science in Utqiaġvik, was guided by the important role of the Iñupiat in furthering scientific understanding of climatic and social-ecological change in the rapidly changing Arctic. The post-workshop report will help plan for the coordination of future Arctic research efforts and identify logistical and facility needs.

By: Benjamin M. Jones, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks on behalf of the Workshop Organizing and Advisory Committee